International Journal of Computer Applications (0975   –   8887) 3 rd   National Conference on Future Computing February 2014  1  A Novel Method for Developing Robotics via Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things  Aadhityan A  UG Student, TBML College, Porayar, Tamil Nadu, India .  ABSTRACT  This paper describe about a new methodology for developing and improving the robotics field via artificial intelligence and internet   of   things.   Now   a   day,   we   can   say   Artificial Intelligence take the world into robotics. Almost all industries use robots for lot of works. They are use co-operative robots to make different kind of works. But there was some problem to make robot for multi tasks. So there was a necessary new methodology to made multi tasking robots. It will be done only by artificial intelligence and internet of things.  General Terms  Method for artificial intelligence, Internet of things.  Keywords  Artificial   Intelligence,   Internet   of   Things,   Robots,   Multi- tasking robot, method for making robot.  1.   INTRODUCTION  Machines as intelligent as humans should be able to do most of the things humans can do. Flexible automation schemes and systems are quickly gaining acceptance and are being increasingly applied in industry. Now a day, they are use robots for manufacturing process.   Applications of Artificial Intelligence to medicine have been increasing in recent years. Artificial Intelligence employed in the medical field mainly to perform a rational analysis of the data available from clinical examination (such as Computerized Tomography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR), Digital   Angiography,   etc.) in order to get a relia ble diagnosis of the patient’s disease and a  suitable decision support. Also lot of robots invented to work in home. Robots also invented to play chess, soccer etc. Robots can think well when we implement artificial intelligent concept to it. This paper describes a method to make robots using artificial intelligence.  2.   SHORT HISTORY OF ROBOTICS  The truck was invented in eighteenth centuries. So we can say making robots using artificial intelligence is old one. The truck is a chess playing robot. Robotics   are   based   on   two   enabling   technologies: Telemanipulators   and   the   ability   of   numerical   control   of machines. Telemanipulators are remotely controlled machines which   usually   consist   of   an   arm   and   a   gripper.   The movements of arm and gripper follow the instructions the human gives through his control device. First telemanipulators have been used to deal with radio-active material. Numeric control allows tocontrol machines very precisely in relation to a given coordinate system. It was first used in 1952 at the MIT and lead to the first programming language for machines (called APT: Automatic Programmed Tools). The combination of both of these techniques leads to the first programmable telemanipulator. The first industrial robot using these principles was installed in 1961. These are the robots one knows from industrial facilities like car construction plants. The development of mobile robots was driven by the desire to automate   transportation   in   production   processes   and autonomous transport systems. The former lead to driver-less transport systems used on factory floors to move objects to different points in the production process in the late seventies. New forms of mobile robots have been constructed lately like insectoid   robots   with   many legs   modeled   after   examples nature gave us or autonomous robots for underwater usage. Since   a   few   years   wheel-driven   robots   are   commercially marketed and used for services like "Get and Bring" (for example in hospitals). Humanoid robots are being developed since   1975   when   Wabot-I   was   presented   in   Japan.   Also another humanoid robot is "Cog", developed in the MIT-AI- Lab since 1994.   Cog has no legs, but it has robotic arms and a head with video cameras for eyes.   Honda’s humanoid robot  became well known in the public when presented back in 1999. Although it is remote controlled by humans it can walk autonomously (on the floor and stairs).  3.   HISTORY   OF   ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE  The first work that is now generally recognized as AI was done by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts (1943). They drew on three sources: knowledge of the basic physiology and function   of   neurons   in   the   brain;   a   formal   analysis   of propositional   logic   due   to   Russell   and   Whitehead;   and  Turing’s theory of computation. They proposed a model of  artificial neurons in which each neuron is characterized as  being “on” or “off,” with a switch to “on” occurring   in response to stimulation by a sufficient number of neighboring neurons. The state of a   neuron was conceived of as “factually  equivalent   to   a   proposition   which   proposed   its   adequate  stimulus.” They showed, for example, that any computable  function could be computed by some network of connected neurons, and that all the logical connectives (and, or, not, etc.) could be implemented by simple net structures. McCulloch and Pitts also suggested that suitably defined networks could learn. Donald Hebb (1949) demonstrated a simple updating rule for modifying the connection strengths between neurons. His rule, now called Hebbian   learning, remains an influential model to this day.
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975   –   8887) 3 rd   National Conference on Future Computing February 2014  2 AI currently encompasses a huge variety of subfields, ranging from the general (learning and perception) to the specific, such   as   playing   chess,   proving   mathematical   theorems, writing   poetry,   driving   a   car   on   a   crowded   street,   and diagnosing diseases. AI is relevant to any intellectual task; it is truly a universal field.  4.   DEFINATION TO GENERAL TERMS 4.1   Artificial Intelligence  The   branch   of   computer   science   concerned   with   making computers behave like humans. The term was coined in 1956 by   John   McCarthy   at   the   Massachusetts   Institute   of Technology. Artificial intelligence includes games playing: programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers expert systems,(programming computers to make decisions in real-life tasks (for example, some expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms)) natural language,(programming   computers   to   understand   natural human   languages)   neural   networks(Systems   that   simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections   that   occur   in   animal   brains)   and   robotics( programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli).  4.2   Agents  An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment   through   sensor   and   acting   that   environment through effectors. A human agent has eyes, ears, nose and other organs for sensors, and hands, legs, mouth, and other body   parts   for   effectors.   A   robotic   agent   substitutes   the cameras and infrared range finders for the sensors and various motors for the effectors.  4.3   Robots  T he term “robot” gene rally connotes some anthropomorphic (human- like) appearance; consider robot “arms” for welding.  The tendency to think about robots as having a human-like appearance may stem   from the origin of the term “robot.” The word “robot” came into the popular   consciousness on January 25, 1921, in Prague with the first performance   of Karel  Capek’s play, R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots) .  4.4   Internet of Things  The next wave in the era of computing field will be outside the realm of the traditional desktop. At present, the definitions of "Internet of Things" are manifold; they vary depending on the context, the effects and the views of the person giving the definition. But we can say, Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, many of the objects which surround us will be on the network in   one   form   or   another.   Radio   Frequency   IDentification (RFID) and sensors network technologies will rise to meet these   new   challenges,   in   which   information   and communication systems are invisibly entrenched(embedded) in the environment around us.  5.   Method 5.1   Analyzing tasks  Analyzing the tasks is very complicated process. The tasks which we want to implement to make a robot can be writing down as a points or table. So we can easily found out how many tasks we want to implement to that robot. It is a general way and it is fairly used to make lot of type of robots in this world.  5.2   Concept to make robot  The general concepts to make the robot as a given tasks is the second step in this method. The concepts are involving the sensors which are used to make a robot according to given tasks. Programming the robot also considered as a general concept. So, programming the sensors and other parts (like microprocessor, some chip sets etc.) are also including in this concept. For example, to make a robot which can take a thing. The sensors need to make the robot and programming the dimension of that thing has been taken general concepts to make a robot.  5.3   Concept via artificial intelligence  There is needed to make robots which can learn from it own environment.   It   is   very   important   concept   of   artificial intelligence. So, programming artificial concepts to each task separately   is   very   important   . In   this   process,   we   don’t  consider the hardware pats and sensors.   Concepts involving artificial   intelligence   in   each   task   are   found   out   in   this process. These artificial intelligence concepts can be find out directly from the tasks and also by the general concepts to make a robot.  5.4   Binding the concepts to make robot  Artificial intelligence concepts and the general concepts in each task are bind together to make a robot which can capable to think and do like a human. In this process, we considered the sensors which are capable to implement our artificial intelligence concept. There is may be some extra sensor or extra requirements needed to implement artificial concepts to robot other than listed in the second step (see 4.2). In this process, we bind the concepts and also we find out the full requirements to make robots which are able to think like a human.  5.5   Make a robot  Using all above process, the robot is made. All hardware parts of the robots connected and the programs also written in the sensors and other parts.  5.6   Make it to connect with other systems or robots  Finally we can make the robot to connect other system or robots using infrared or blue tooth or some other wireless devices. We can use these wireless devices to connect to mobile or computers. So, the robot can be accessed from mobile, computer or other similar devices. This method and its process are clearly shown in the fig. 1.
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975   –   8887) 3 rd   National Conference on Future Computing February 2014  3  Fig 1: Method for making robot via artificial intelligence and internet of things.  6.   Conclusion  Now a day, robots are highly needed for fast manufacturing. Using this method, we can make robots easily and efficiently.  7.   ACKNOWLEDGMENTS  I thank to everyone helped in this work. Particularly I would like to thank Dr. Jobe Prabakar Ph.D., who is very helpful to me in entire process. I also want to thank Josuva for his help. I also give thank to S.Arivazhagan and Kalaimani for help to make this paper.  8.   REFERENCES  [1]   Tim Niemueller and Sumedha Widyadharma “Artificial  Intelligence   –   An Introduction to Robotics”. Reasoning  about naming systems. [2]   Jayavardhana   Gubbia,   Rajkumar   Buyyab, ∗ ,   Slaven  Marusic a, Marimuthu Palaniswami 2013 “Internet of  Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future  directions”   Future   Generation   Computer  Systems,Elsevier. [3]   Stuart   J.   Russell   and   Peter   Norvig   1995.   “Artificial  Intelligence- A Modern Approach”. Prentice -Hall, Inc. Binding the concepts to make robot Task 1   Task 2   Task 3 Concept via artificial intelligence Concept via artificial intelligence Concept via artificial intelligence Make a Robot Make it to connect with other systems or robots Concepts to make robot Concepts to make robot  Concepts to make robot
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